Concrete-steel construction.



PATENTED JUNE 26. 1906.

E. M. SGOPIELD. CONCRETE STEEL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 1.1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED JUNE 26, 1906.

E. M. SCOFIBLD.

CONCRETE STEEL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.1. 1904.

No. 824,594. PATENTED JUNE 26, 1906. B. M. SCOPIELD. CONCRETE STEELCONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 1. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3 E. M. SCOFIELD. CONCRETE STEEL CONSTRUCTION.APPLICATION FILED AUG.1. 1904.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.-

EDSON M. SCOFIELD, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

CONCRETE-STEEL CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 26, 1906.

Application filed Augusl 1, 1904. Serial No. 219,146-

that they are held in any desired positions relatively to each other andto forms while the concrete is being placed and which shall be anelement of strength instead of weakness in the completed structure.

Another object of the invention is-to provide a spacing device whichshall serve to tie the reinforcing-bars into the body of concrete inwhich they are placed to any extent that may be desired.

Another object of the invention is to pro vide a device for spacing thebars of a reinforced concrete construction, which device shall alsoserve to reinforce said construction against shear and as a necessaryconsequence tie the bars into the body of the concrete.

Another object of the invention is to provide a means for spacing thereinforcing-bars in concrete-steel construction which shall beself-supporting, as well as convenient to use and inexpensive tomanufacture, and which shall be also available, if desired, for thesupport of hangers or other objects exterior to the concrete for thetieing of the reinforcingbars into the body of the concrete to anyextent desired and for the vertical reinforcing of the concrete againstshear.

These objects I attain as hereinafter set forth, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation,partly in section, showing my invention in its simplest fo In asemployedto space and support reinforcing-bars at proper distances fromeach other and from forms. Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are front elevations,partly in section, showing'various forms of my invention designed to notonly support reinforcing-bars at proper distances from each other andfrom forms, but also to tie said bars into the main body of theconcrete, as well as to strengthen said concrete against shear. Fig. 7is a vertical section of a concrete-steel construction em bodying allthe various features of my invention. Figs. 8 and 9 are perspectiveviews illustrating my improved spacing device as made in self-supportinform, the former employing that form of the invention shownin Fig. 1 andthe latter showing the device as constructed to provide verticalreinforcement for a body of concrete in which it is used.

Fig. 10 is an elevation, to some extent diagrammatic, showing myinvention as applied to tie together two series of reinforcing-bars, ofwhich one series is embedded in a floor and the other is in a beam, saidfigure also illustrating the construction means by which the verticalreinforcing-rods are run into walls and columns. Figs. 11 and 12 aresectional elevations taken on the lines 11 11 and 12 12, respectively,of Fig. 10. Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a concrete-steelbeam extending between two parallel steel beams, showing my invention asapplied to vertically reinforce the beams independently of the floor andshowing the connection of the spacer to the metal beams used. Fig. 14 isa sectional elevation taken on the line 14 14, Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is aside elevation similar to that shown in Fig. 10 with the upper series ofreinforcing-bars omitted, and Figs. 16 and 17 are sectional elevationstaken on lines 16 16 and 17 17, Fig. 15. Fig. 18 is a plan, furtherillustrating the construction shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 19 is a sectionon 1919 of Fig. 13, showing a particular method of rendering the spacing-barsself-supporting which may be used with advantage when but tworeinforcing-bars are employed. Fig. 20 is a section on the line 2020 ofFig. 13, showing a particular method of makin the spacingbarsself-supporting and whic may be used with advantage when only onereinforcingbar is used. Fig. 21. is a plan view of the spacing-bar shownin Fi 20.

As will be understoo by those skilled in in the art, the best results inreinforced concrete floors and girders are obtained when the tensileproperties of the steel and the compressive propertles' only of theconcrete are utilized to the fullest extent.

Under operating conditions great difficulty has hitherto beenexperienced in the construction of reinforced floors and girders insupportin the reinforcing-bars in correct positions Whi e the concretewas being placed. The importance of such proper support will beunderstood when it is noted that to secure the best results the steelintended to take tensile stresses must be located as near the surface ofthe concrete as possible, while not in any way interfering with the holdof the concrete upon said steel. This necessitates for floorwork thatthe bars shall be placed from on -half inch to one and onefourth inchesfrom the bottom of the floor, dependin upon its thickness, and ingirders from one inc to two and a half inches from the bottom of thegirder, depending upon the depth thereof.

When the bars are placed in position in the forms in which the 'rdersare to be cast, it. is exceedingly diiiicult to hold said bars in theircorrect positions, for not only do they rest against the form so as tobe exposed when this latter is taken away from the girder, but they arealso apt to be moved sidewise, so as to become bunched to an extentwhich re- 'sults in a weakening of the beam. There is also a possibilityin some casesof their being placed too high up in the beam, in whichcase there is a very material reduction in its strength. In order toovercomethis difficulty and to properly space the bars aswell astosupport them at any definite distance from the form, I provide wire orbars bent as illustrated in Fig. l and arranged to provide aselfsupporting carrier and spacer for said reiniorcing-bars.

In the above-mentioned drawings, A represents the wooden or other formfor a girder or floor, D the 10- itudinally-extending reinforcingbars,an D the spacing device, made, as above noted, of wire or equivalentcrete without tending-toform p anes of cleavage. In this case said wireis formed by machinery into convenient lengths, and such forms spacersare afterward out as desired tosuit thework in which they are used. Saidwire or bar is made with a seriesof 100 s (1, designed to rest upon thesurface a ove which it is desired that the reintorcin -bars shall besupported, said loops being in ig l of. rectangular form. Intermediateof said supporting-loops are other loops (1, formed to hold the bars Bat the desired distance abovethe form A. In order that the wire or barmay be selfsupponting, I ofiset alternate ones of the loops (1 in themanner indicated in- Fig. 8, each. loop (1' being therefore connected,as shown, to two loops adjacent to it by means of the loops (1, whosebottom portions are inclined to the lines of the reinforcing-bars B. Byextending upward those portions of the spacers D between adjacentreinforcing-bars, as illustrated at d in Fig. 8, said bars may be tiedinto the upper ortions of the concrete body to any desired extent. Whenthe spacer is formedas in Fig. 9,.the loops d aredepended. upon tosupport the reinforcing-bars B at aproper distance from the form, andthe intermediate loops 11 extend nearly to the top. ofthe concrete,serving to. reinforce the same vertically against shearing stresses.Alternate ones of the loops d? are-extended toeither side of the sidespacing loops,

form shown at 11 structure wh'ch beds efficientl in the con loops (1 soas to make the spacer self-supporting. The end elevation ofthis. spaceris shown at D Fig. 13.

Other forms of my invention for the purpose of accurately spacing thereinforcingbars relatively to each other, as Well as to the bottom andsides of the concrete forms, are shown in Figs. 2 to 7, inclusive, 'andFig. 18, in the first of which the spacing wire or bar 'D is providedwith upwardly-extending vloops d which alternate with the points loopsd, havin their sides inclined to retain the reinforcingars Biatthe-desired distances above the bottom of the term A. A portion of saidspacing-wire adjacent to the side of orm is provided with any desaidconcrete siredj number of loops d .conseqluently the adjacent one of arehe said side.

In Fig. 3 the pointed loop (1 of Fig. 2 is replaced by a twisted loop d,while in Fig. 5- both the bar-supporting loops,.as well as the areformedsimply by other two-inclined sides by which it and the bars Bbending toward each of the pointed loops as shown in Fig. 2.-

These are designated by the reference-lets ters (1 Fig. 6 constructionas em loyed both for supportingthe reinforcingars and for side spacing,while Fig. 4 illustrates circular loops of the pose. all of these casesthe upwardly-extending loo s d areemployedifor the purpose of vertical yreinforcing the concrete con structionand also tying thereinforcing-bars "into the same, it being of course understood that ineach case alternate loops are displaced, as indicated in Figs. Sand 9,purpose of making the bars or wire of which they form apartself-supporting.

In Figs. 1 0 to 17. I haveshowna number of typicalconstructionsemploying spacing:- bars in such manner. that they also serve asverticalreinforcing members.

In Figs. 10 to 12., inclusive, F represents a wall, and G; acolumn,between which extends a concrete-steel beam H, carr ing aportion of afloor K. In this case t ere is in the beam a series-of reinforcing-barsB and in U118 floor a second series of bars B, which are held inproperly-spaced relation to each other and to the-forms before theconcrete is put in place and are tied to each other and into-the beamafter completion. of the-structure by means of the spacing-bars DP andD. In all. the figures the loops inthe spam ingsbars for supporting; thereinforcing-bars above the bottom of the beams have been omitted for thesake of clearness, though it will be understood that in. every basesaidspacing-bars may be shaped in some such. form as those illustratedin Figs.- 1 to 9. While the spacing-bars D are referably similar tothoseshown in Fig. 9, tiie' 'bars D d at a predetermined distancefromemploycdfor the same pnrfor the;

illustrates the pointed-loophave their end portions d extended at anangle from the beam into the column or wall, as the case may be, itbeing understood that, if desired, the said ends may be bent back andhooked on to the reinforcing-bars B or formed in any desired manner bestsuited to tie it into the structure. Both sets of the spacer-bars D andDextend between the reinforcing-bars in the floor K and those in thelower portion of the beam H, it being noted that the ends (I of the barsD may be extended horizontally into the floor or not, as preferred, andwhen so extended they offer additional reinforcement to make the flooract with the girder.

In Figs. 13 and 14 there are no reinforcingbars in the floor, thespacer-bars D merely extending from the reinforcing-bars B in the bottomof the beam to the top of said beam and having their ends turnedhorizontally, as shown at d in Fig. 14. In this case the concrete-steelgirder H is supported upon the steel wall-beam f at one end and u on thesteel floor-beam g at the other end, t e spacing-barD being bent overthe top-of the beam f, as shown, and being self-supporting either byhanging on this beam or by resting on the beam and on the form. The wallend of said spacer D may be extended any required distance into thewall, so as to pro erly tie the girder into the same. T e spacer D issimilar to spacer D except that both of its ends supportreinforcing-bars B. Fig. 14 shows a spacing-bar D when threereinforcing-bars B are used, while Fig. 19 shows another method offorming the s acing-bar D when only two reinforcingars are used. Inorder that this construction may be self-supporting, I bend the centralloop (Z (shown in dotted lines) down until its extreme end rests uponthe form, as in Fig. 19.

Fig. 20 illustrates a method of forming the spacer when only onereinforcing-bar is used, t e two ends of the wire being benthorizontally, as at d", to engage the form on one side and a loop (shownin dotted lines at (1") being bent horizontally to engage the form onthe other side, thus making the s acer self-supporting when in lace inthe orm. Fig. 21 is a plan view of t e spacer shown in Fig. 20.

In Figs. 15 to 17, inclusive, the construction is similar to that shownin Fig. 10, expiept that there are no reinforcing-bars in the oor.

Fig. 16 shows the column-connection loops (i contained back around thereinforcingbars B, as at d, and ending in the column at d, therebyreinforcing the girder against shear at its point of junction with thecolumn or wall. In a similar manner vertical reinforcement of a beam maybe increased as desired at an point by increasing the numberof convoutions in the vertical reinforcing-spacers, or the same object may beaccomplished by placing said spacers nearer together or by increasingthe size of the ma terial used.

I prefer to have the vertical reinforcingspacers laced at a distanceapart equal to the dept of the girder or floor. The action of thesevertical reinforcing-spacers is to divide the floor or girder after themanner of a Howe truss, in which the reinforcing-bars B take tensionalong the bottom of the truss, the vertical reinforcing-spacers D takethe tension in a vertical direction, while the concrete takes thediagonal compression between the spacers and along the top of the beam,as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

It will be noted that, if desired, the spacing wire or bar may haveloops or forms different from those illustrated without in any waydeparting from the spirit of my invention, which 1s designed to cover,broadly, the use of a spacing-bar which shall maintain thereinforcing-bars in concrete-steel construction at. redetermineddistances from each other and from the forms for the concrete, which barshall be preferably self-supporting and, if desired, extended above thereinforcing-bars, so as to vertically reinforce the concrete structurewith which it is used.

As shown in Figs. 3 and, 7 a hanger d for fixtures or any other purposemay be hung from the spacing-bars, there being a suitable hole cut inthe concrete form for the passage of said hanger during the placing ofthe concrete.

I have illustrated in Figs. 7 and 18 a con-' struction which embodiesall of the various features of my invention, it being noted that certainof these features were omitted from some of the figures previouslyreferred to for the sake of clearness.

Havin thus described my invention, I claim an desire to secure byLetters Patent 1. A spacer consisting of a piece of bar material bentinto a series of loops constituting supporting-legs lying adjacent to asingle plane and also being of a form to constitute bar-seats, thelatter being spaced to support reinforcing-bars at predetermineddistances from each other, said loops being laterally displaced to oneor the other side of said plane so as to lie at an angle to each otherand cause the s acer as a whole to be supported in an upright position,substantially as described.

2. As a new article of manufacture a spacer consisting of a piece of barmaterial having bar-seats at redetermined distances from each other andbent into such form as to constitute a series of downwardly-extendingsuporting-legs, of which certain are bent into a oop or loops andconstitute side-spacing means, substantially as described.

3. As a new article of manufacture, .a spacer consisting of a piece ofbar material bent as a whole into such form as to constitute a series ofsup ortin -l havin bar-seats laced at definit z dista nc apart i orholding riei-nform ing-bars at predetermined distances from each otherand above a form, alternate ones of said su porting-legs being displacedlaterally into 'fierent planes to enga e a support ing-surface at pointsin difierenfiines so as to maintain the spacer in an upright position;substantially as described.

4. As a new article of manufacture, a spacer consisting of a piece ofbar material bent to form a series of supporting-legs and provided withportions bent so as to receive and hold reinforcing-bars atpredetermined distances above a form, there being portions of the barsextended in elongated loops beyond the legs, substantially a described.v

5. The combination of a concrete beam, a concrete floor, two series ofreinforcingbars, of which one is'in the beam, with a series o-fisubstantially vertical spacing-bars placed to also serve asreinforcing-bars and extending into the concrete between said twoseries. of

reinforcing-bars, the end portions of said -bars boingextended into thefloor, and ot er ortions of the bars being bent as a whole to ormsupporting-leg portions, substantially as described.

6. The combination of a concrete beam, a concrete structure extending atright an les thereto, a reinforcing bar or bars exten: ing lon'tudinally through the beam, and a vertica spacing bar or reinforcingbar or bars in engagement with said first reinforcing bar or bars, saidspacing bar or bars having an end portion or portions extended into theconcrete structure at right angles to. the beam, and other portions bentas a whole to form su substantially as descri ed.

In testimony whereof I havesigned my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDSON M. SCOFIEIQD.

spacin Witnesses:

- G. M. SCOFIELD, J. O. MCALPINE.

porting-leg portions,

bars placed to act as a

